This blog is a response to an essay written by Harvard Professor in the Department of African and American Studies and Department of Philosophy, Tommie Shelby. His essay, “Impure Dissent: Hip Hop and the Political Ethics of Black Urban Youth” explores hip-hop voices, how they are perceived, and why.
My purpose is to expose the double standard that seems to be overlooked in political voices by different groups. In this essay, Shelby uses the terms, “political purity” and “political impurity” to describe different groups of minorities who desire to make a change.
Shelby states, “The Montgomery boycott had a kind of moral and political purity that most political hip hop does not…(60) Much of this [hip-hop] dissent can be described as “impure”. While it contains valid political content, it also includes other elements that diverge sharply from conventional or widely held normative standards, and these deviant elements may seem to undermine its political aims. Impure dissent is meaningful political dissent that is mixed with, for example, messages urging the oppressed to embrace hedonistic consumption and vulgar materialism; relentless use of profanity, epithets, and other offensive language; enactment of negative groups stereotypes; violent and pornographic images; romantic narratives about outlaw figures and street crime; approval of alcohol abuse and illicit drug use, xenophobia, homophobia, and misogyny; and celebration of base ambitions like power and celebrity. Some might therefore view impure hip hop dissent as an example of ‘dark speech’” (64).
Based on these observations, labeling hip-hop as impure is dangerous and extremely problematic. While hip-hop is rife with impure elements, it is wrong to label a coping mechanism, a talent, and an art impure as a whole. It is almost effortless to categorize hip-hop as impure based on overt, vulgar expressions and their unwanted desire sugarcoat their truths. However, juxtaposed to conspicuous immoral elements are those tactful and prudent American leaders (the government, politicians, and corporate America) who are just as “impure”. In fact, I argue that they are actually more impure than hip-hop artists for unlike hip-hop artists, they have and use their power to affect policies with a foundation overflowing in impure intentions.
Based on Shelby’s argument, all of America’s leaders are immoral. But for some reason, they don’t have the burden of carrying this classification… The government and politics is not impure because that would render the system morally wrong and their power would be threatened. So instead, there are other ways of describing the unjust decisions these systems make. For example, some excuses could rely on the immense size of the country and the impossibility to make everybody happy, or the fact that Corporate America is just “giving consumers what they want” but their core intentions are more impure than any elements in hip-hop.
Here’s the double standard:
Hip-hop does not include “elements that diverge sharply from conventional normative standards” because these divergent elements are subtly subdued in the agendas of politicians and government officials. Its “relentless use of profanity” assumes that their vocabulary is exclusive to them, as American leaders don’t use profanity.
It’s assumed that hip-hop artists are the only ones who use epithets when government officials changed the word “nigger” to “criminal” – proudly written in the Constitution. The unlawful actions the 13th amendment allows is as venomous as any epithet still or previously used.
We can condemn hip-hop for enacting “negative group stereotypes” but extol Bret Ratner’s ability to make viewers laugh (and make millions) by perpetuating and exploiting Black and Asian stereotypes in the several of Rush Hour films.
And Violent and pornographic images on covert art and in music videos is chastised when America just celebrated the influential and valuable life of Hugh Heffner last month upon his death.
Outlaw figures are street crimes are romanticized in hip-hop like literature hasn’t exposed the romanticism of World War I and World War II. And let’s take a moment to reminisce about the show “Cops”, and its inevitable romanticisms of the “hero cop” saving the community from the “criminals” roaming the streets.
If alcohol abuse was contributing to this impurity, lets discuss the impurity of the abundance of coroner stores and drug stores embedded in minority neighborhoods that corporate America sees no problem with while their bank accounts soar.
American leaders proclaim xenophobia on a much higher level, that our current president perpetuates the idea that all Muslims are terrorists. His Muslim ban aka Travel ban suspends refugee admission – in a time where refugees are fighting for their lives.
Considering homophobic laws in this country fail to allow certain groups the right to marry, using Christianity to support their callous decisions, sounds more toxic than just stating ones sexual preference through rap.
On the topic of misogyny, white men deciding that women are paid less than men for the same job is impure and toxic, and more powerful that a few lines of a man exalting his masculinity in a song. And if that remarkable oversight doesn’t strike you, the excusable, accepted locker-room talk of the current president who believes he can just “…start kissing them [women]”, who doesn’t “even wait” because “when you’re a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. Grab’em by the pussy. You can do anything”. Power and celebrity play major roles in these unseemly actions.
If all these things make impure hip-hop dissent ‘dark speech’, I can’t help but wonder what impure politician and governmental actions are called. And I cant help but wonder why it is not as reprimanded as hip-hop.
So while Shelby doesn’t necessarily denounce hip-hop, his argument renders ineffective as he fails to contextualize impurity all around. And although I don’t think Shelby believes these systems are free from impurities, failing to mention them is problematic for those unaware readers who are not directly affected by the impurity of our countries leaders. And if the leaders of this country would not label themselves as impure, then logic would suggest they wouldn’t label hip hop as impure either.
If we ignore this element, hip-hop will continue to be seen as impure, when to me, it seems like hip-hop possesses the most pure form of expression through its limitless rage, its clear form of enlightening listeners, and its genuine call for action for those listeners who are destined to be leaders.